Centrifugal pump structure

Centrifugal pump is a commonly used fluid conveying equipment, widely used in industry, agriculture, national defense and other fields. Understanding the structural components of centrifugal pumps is of great significance for the correct use and maintenance of centrifugal pumps. This article will introduce in detail the basic structure of a centrifugal pump and the functions of each part.

1. Impeller

The impeller is the core part of the centrifugal pump. It has a higher speed and higher power, and the blades on the impeller play a major role. The impeller must pass a static balance test before assembly. The inner and outer surfaces of the impeller must be smooth to reduce friction losses in the water flow. The function of the impeller is to transfer the mechanical energy of the motor to the fluid, so that the fluid can obtain enough energy to achieve the purpose of transportation.

II. Pump body

The pump body is also called the pump casing, which is the main body of the water pump. It plays a supporting and fixing role and is connected to the bracket where the bearing is installed. There is a partition inside the pump body. The function of the partition is to evenly divide the fluid in the pump into two flow channels, which flow out from the suction port and the discharge port respectively. Therefore, the function of the pump body is to make the fluid flow out evenly under the action of centrifugal force.

3. Pump shaft

The function of the pump shaft is to connect it to the motor through a coupling and transmit the torque of the motor to the impeller, so it is the main component for transmitting mechanical energy. The pump shaft is generally made of steel and is required to have sufficient strength and rigidity to ensure the normal operation of the centrifugal pump.

4. Bearings

Sliding bearings use transparent oil as lubricant, add oil to the oil level line. Too much oil will seep out along the pump shaft, and too little bearings will overheat and burn out, causing accidents! During the operation of the water pump, the temperature of the bearings is as high as 85 degrees, and generally runs around 60 degrees. The bearing is an important component that supports the pump shaft. It bears the entire weight of the pump and the force of the fluid on the impeller. Therefore, bearings need to be well lubricated and cooled to confirm their normal operation.

5. Sealing ring

Sealing ring is also called leakage reducing ring. Its function is to prevent fluid leakage and air from entering the pump. Sealing rings are generally made of wear-resistant materials, such as cast iron, bronze, etc. During use, the wear of the sealing ring should be checked regularly and damaged rings should be replaced in time.

6. Stuffing letter

The stuffing box is mainly composed of packing, water seal ring, stuffing barrel, packing gland and water seal tube. The main function of the stuffing box is to close the gap between the pump casing and the pump shaft, so as to prevent the water in the pump from flowing outside and not allowing outside air to enter the pump. The packing in the stuffing box is generally made of high temperature resistant and corrosion resistant materials, such as graphite, asbestos, etc. During use, the wear of the packing should be checked regularly and damaged packing should be replaced in time.

In short, the structural composition of a centrifugal pump is an important factor in confirming its normal operation. During use, the operation of each component should be checked regularly and maintained and maintained in a timely manner to confirm the safe and stable operation of the centrifugal pump.

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